General Knowledge Of Highway Freight Pport

Highway pportation (RoadTransportation) is one of the main modes of modern pportation, and it also constitutes one of the two basic modes of pportation on land.

At present, the total number of motor vehicles in the world has reached more than 400 million. In the world modern traffic network, the highway line length accounts for 2/3, about 20 million kilometers. The freight volume completed by highway pportation accounts for about 80% of the total freight volume, and the turnover of goods is 10%.

In some developed countries, highway freight volume and turnover volume are among the best in all kinds of pportation modes. Road pportation has become an indispensable and important part.

According to the statistics of China traffic Yearbook, the freight volume of China's road pport in 1997 reached 97.7 million tons, and the turnover volume of goods was 5272 billion tons, which was 99.3% and 105.2% respectively in 1996.

Among them, freight volume is the first among the five modes of pportation.

By the end of 1997, there were about 4500000 passenger and freight pport vehicles in the country, about 2700000 operators and about 110000000 persons engaged in road pport activities.

Highway pportation consists of two parts: Highway and vehicle.

I. characteristics and functions of highway pportation

Highway pportation is a flexible, simple and convenient mode of pportation. It has greater superiority in railway freight and air pportation in the short distance cargo distribution and operation, especially in the pportation of "door to door".

Although other modes of pport have their own characteristics and advantages, they rely more or less on road pportation to complete the pport task at the end.

For example, railway stations, ports and wharves, and air airports can not be separated from highway pportation.

But road pportation also has certain limitations, such as small load capacity, unsuitable loading heavy goods, large pieces of goods, and not suitable for long-distance pportation; the vibration of vehicles is relatively large in operation, and it is easy to cause accidents of freight damage. At the same time, the pportation cost is higher than that of water pportation and railways.

Two, the mode of operation of highway pportation.

Under the market economy condition, the organization forms of highway pportation usually have the following categories.

(1) public pport industry (CommonCarrier)

This enterprise specializes in automobile cargo pportation business and serves the whole society.

1. regular alignment.

No matter how much cargo is loaded, schedule on a fixed route.

2. the alignment is irregular.

Look at the loading condition on the fixed line, send the car to drive.

3. the fixed area is irregular.

Send a car in a fixed area according to the cargo needs.

(two) contract

Deliver goods according to the contract of carriage signed by both parties.

Contracts signed with them are generally large industrial and mining enterprises, which are relatively large and stable throughout the year.

The terms of contract are generally long, short for half a year, one year long, and several years long.

According to the contract, the shipper guarantees to provide a certain amount of freight, and the carrier guarantees to provide the required capacity.

(three) self employed pport industry (PrivateOperator)

Factories, enterprises, and institutions have their own cars, which are generally not for external use to pport their goods and products.

(four) vehicle freight forwarders (FreightForwarder)

Neither does it grasp the source of goods nor does it have the means of pportation.

They act as middlemen to collect goods from shippers, and consign shipping companies to collect fees and commissions.

Some automobile freight agents specialize in collecting sporadic cargo loads to the cargo owners, and then summarize them as vehicle loads, then ship them to the pport companies by consignment name, and earn the difference between the freight load and the freight.

Three, road freight

Highway freight rates are calculated as "ton / Li". There are generally two calculating standards. One is the basic freight rate according to the grade of goods, the other is the basic tariff stipulated by the grade of the road.

When a pportation route contains two or more grades of highways, the freight rates are calculated on the actual mileage respectively.

Special roads, such as mountains, riverbeds, and wilderness areas, shall be agreed upon by both sides.

The highway freight rate is divided into two kinds: Vehicle (FCL) and zero load (LCL). The latter is generally 30-50% higher than the former. According to the regulations of the highway pportation department of our country, a consignment of goods is pported by vehicle at more than two and a half tons, and the vehicle rate is applied. The freight rate of less than two and a half tons is less than truckload.

For every kilogram of heavy cargo, the volume is over four cubic meters for light weight cargo (or size goods MeasurementCargo).

The freight charges for light weight goods are calculated according to the approved tonnage of loading vehicles. The light weight cargo of light duty cargo is calculated by volume of its length, width and height, and it is equivalent to a kilogram of four cubic meters.

In addition, there is a chartered vehicle rate (LumpSumRate), which is calculated on the basis of vehicle operating hours (hours or days).

Four. Scope of responsibility

(1) carrier's liability

The time limit for the liability of the road pport carrier is from the time when the goods are received to the time when the goods are delivered.

Within this period, the carrier is liable for the loss and damage of the goods.

However, the carrier is not responsible for the loss or damage of the goods caused by the carrier's liability.

According to the provisions of highway pportation in China, the carrier is not responsible for the loss of goods caused by the following reasons:

1. because of human irresistible natural disasters or changes in the nature of the goods and the natural consumption of goods in pit.

2. the package is intact and the internal short spoiled.

3. those who are violated by the state decree or regulations shall be seized, disposed of or disposed of by other departments.